Early-Onset Cancers: Investigating Etiology, Mechanisms, and Early Detection Strategies (RP1 Clinical Trials Optional)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through the National Cancer Institute (NCI), has issued a forecasted Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) titled "Early-Onset Cancers: Investigating Etiology, Mechanisms, and Early Detection Strategies (RP1 Clinical Trials Optional)." This initiative seeks to understand the causes and biological mechanisms behind the increasing incidence of early-onset cancers (EOCs) in individuals aged 18 to 49. By consolidating exploratory/developmental and traditional research project mechanisms, the NCI aims to streamline the application process and sustain research momentum in this critical and emerging field. The central purpose of this funding opportunity is to support investigations into non-hereditary, sporadic early-onset cancers. Applicants are encouraged to explore key questions, including what modifiable exposures are contributing to the increased cancer incidence among young adults, how these exposures differ across demographic groups, and what biological or host response mechanisms are implicated in these trends. Furthermore, the NOFO calls for innovative strategies to enhance early detection by identifying individuals at higher risk for developing EOCs. Through these research efforts, the NCI intends to build a robust scientific foundation to inform future prevention and control strategies. Applicants may choose between two types of projects under this funding opportunity. Exploratory/developmental research projects can span up to two years, while standard research projects may extend from four to five years. While this NOFO is classified under the RP1 mechanism with optional clinical trials, proposals should demonstrate methodological rigor and relevance to the overarching goals. The funding categories, as denoted by CFDA numbers, reflect a focus on cancer causation, cancer biology, and cancer control. This aligns with the NCI’s long-standing commitment to advancing biomedical research in cancer prevention and treatment. Eligibility for this opportunity is broad and inclusive. Eligible applicants include state, local, and tribal governments; public and private institutions of higher education; nonprofit and for-profit organizations, including small businesses; independent school districts; housing authorities; and regional, non-domestic, or federal entities. The opportunity is national in scope, and applications from U.S. territories and non-U.S. institutions are also welcomed. This inclusive eligibility is designed to encourage a diverse pool of researchers to address the pressing public health challenge posed by EOCs. The forecasted application timeline begins with an expected post date of June 30, 2026, and applications will be due by October 5, 2026. Awards are anticipated to be made by July 1, 2027, which will also serve as the project start date. At this stage, there is no pre-application requirement such as a Letter of Intent. The NOFO does not require cost-sharing or matching funds. Details on the award ceiling, floor, and total program funding are not specified in the current forecast and may be updated upon official release of the funding announcement. For inquiries, potential applicants may contact the Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program at the NCI via email at [email protected] or by phone at 240-276-6932. As a forecasted opportunity, specific application requirements, evaluation criteria, and allowable costs will be clarified upon the official release. Interested parties are encouraged to monitor the Grants.gov portal for updates and prepare for submission once the NOFO is formally posted.