Grants for Special district governments - Health

The purpose of the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program is to improve the health outcomes and quality of life for populations at increased risk for the development of radiogenic cancers and/or disease resulting from exposure to radioactive materials through uranium mine industry work or fallout from nuclear arms testing. The United States conducted 227 above-ground and 828 below-ground nuclear weapons tests between July 1945 and November 1962. Many of the above-ground tests released radioactive material into the atmosphere. That material reached the ground as nuclear fallout. The dangers of radiation exposure were unknown at the time. Workers did not receive protection. People who lived near the test sites were not warned of potential dangers or told to evacuate. Workers and residents had radiation exposure from touching fallout on the ground, breathing polluted air, eating polluted foods, and drinking polluted water. People exposed to radiation generated by the nuclear weapons tests are at risk for certain cancers and other serious health problems.

This funding opportunity supports collaborative research initiatives focused on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in low- and middle-income countries, encouraging partnerships between local researchers and U.S. scientists to build research capacity and develop innovative prevention and management strategies.

This funding opportunity provides financial support for organizations to develop and implement strategies that improve health equity and reduce health disparities among underserved women and girls, particularly those from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds.

This Notice of Funding Opportunity Announcement (NOFO) invites applications to develop and maintain a (NSC3). The goal of the NSC3 is to provide logistical and organization support of the NSC. Applicants should be familiar with Nathan Shock Centers (NSC) activities, but they do not need to be part of an NSC. Major activities of the proposed NSC3 will include improving visibility of the NSC nationally and internationally, improving collaboration and coordination among NSC, enhancing NSC training activities, facilitating the sharing of resources, and interacting with NIA and NSC to develop strategies and plans for further development. The successful application will include a plan to improve transparency and the interactions of NSC with the research community. It should also leverage existing bioinformatics resources. The NSC3 director will be a participant in the NIA's Research Centers Collaborative Network.

This grant provides funding for researchers to develop and validate new diagnostic tools and treatment measures for Functional Neurological Disorders, aiming to improve clinical trial readiness and patient care.

This funding opportunity supports researchers exploring brain activity related to mental health disorders through invasive techniques in human subjects, encouraging innovative approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration.

This funding opportunity supports research collaborations focused on improving health outcomes and reducing healthcare disparities related to chronic diseases among U.S. Hispanic/Latino populations and in Latin America.

This funding opportunity provides financial support to organizations and individuals focused on suicide prevention, enabling them to implement best practices and enhance resources for high-risk populations across the nation.

This grant provides funding to support early-career researchers from diverse backgrounds as they transition from mentored postdoctoral positions to independent faculty roles in biomedical research.

This funding opportunity provides financial support to a single institution to establish a central coordinating site that will enhance collaboration and resource sharing among researchers focused on Polycystic Kidney Disease.

This funding opportunity supports research on the long-term lung health effects of tuberculosis treatment, particularly for individuals co-infected with HIV, aiming to improve understanding and management of post-TB lung disease.

This funding opportunity supports research projects that investigate the health effects and regulatory implications of tobacco products, particularly focusing on diverse populations affected by tobacco use.

This grant provides funding for researchers to explore innovative ways to use genomics to improve health equity in U.S. populations, particularly encouraging projects from new and diverse investigators.

Title II Juvenile Justice Council grants are specifically awarded to local juvenile justice councils to implement programs, policies and practices that improve the effectiveness of local juvenile justice systems, reduce unnecessary juvenile justice system involvement and/or analyze and reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities (RED) in each council’s local system. Because this model of local governance, collaboration and data-driven decision-making has proven effective, the Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission is allocating funding to support local juvenile justice councils and the development of data-driven, collaborative local juvenile justice plans which guide future system improvement efforts. The Illinois Juvenile Court Act provides that each county or group of counties may establish a local juvenile justice council [705 ILCS 405/6-12]. The purpose of this council, according to the Act, is “to provide a forum for the development of a community based interagency assessment of the local juvenile justice system, to develop a county juvenile justice plan for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, and to make recommendations to the county board, or county boards, for more effectively utilizing existing community resources in dealing with juveniles who are found to be involved in crime, or who are truant or have been suspended or expelled from school.” Through juvenile justice councils, the Act prescribes a response to juveniles in conflict with the law that is comprehensive, driven by data and analysis, and collaborative across all systems that touch these youth. As embodied in the Juvenile Court Act, Juvenile Justice Councils provide a structure to ensure that local jurisdictions respond to youth in conflict with the law in a manner which is data-driven, strategic, and focused on serving youth, families and communities in the most effective ways possible. Unfortunately, very few jurisdictions in Illinois have developed councils that operate in the manner envisioned in the Act. In some communities, youth become involved in the juvenile justice system unnecessarily because alternatives do not exist, or are not embedded within the system decision-making process. Because the needs and resources are different in each community in Illinois, a one-size-fits-all approach is not likely to be very effective. Local councils are in the best position to craft solutions that meet the local community’s needs and take into account local resources. Empowering and supporting local juvenile justice councils can also stem the tide of racial and ethnic disparity in the juvenile justice system at the front door and help ensure that no youth enters the juvenile justice system unnecessarily. Such local ownership is the best way to ensure more effective long-term programming and sustained systemic change. This, in turn, will reduce the costs associated with incarcerating youth in correctional facilities, reduce rates of recidivism, reduce the number of crime victims, and ultimately create safer communities in Illinois. Juvenile Justice Youth Serving Programs: The federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides funding directly to states through its Title II Formula Grants Program (Title II) to support state and local delinquency prevention, intervention efforts and juvenile justice system improvements. These funds are used to help states implement comprehensive state juvenile justice plans based on detailed studies of needs in their jurisdictions. State Advisory Groups, comprised of members appointed by the governor, set priorities for funded activities. The State Advisory Group for Illinois, the Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission (IJJC), administers the Title II funds. These funds support a broad range of juvenile justice activities at the state and local level that are designed to improve the juvenile justice system through the development of more effective education, training, research, prevention, diversion, treatment, and rehabilitation programs in the area of juvenile delinquency. These programs or projects can be designed to be developed, implemented and evaluated directly or through grants and contracts with public and private agencies. Title II also funds state and local activities designed to ensure and maintain the state's compliance with the Core Requirements of the JJDPA. • Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders (DSO) • Adult Jail and Lock-Up Removal (Jail Removal) • "Sight and Sound" Separation • Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities (RED); In some communities, youth become involved in the juvenile justice system unnecessarily because alternatives do not exist or are not embedded within the system decision-making process. Because the needs and resources are different in each community in Illinois, a one-size-fits-all approach is not likely to be very effective. Local juvenile justice systems and community-based providers are in prime position to craft solutions and develop youth serving programs that meet the local community's needs and take into account local resources. Empowering and supporting local youth programming can also stem the tide of racial and ethnic disparity in the juvenile justice system at the front door and help ensure that no youth enters the juvenile justice system unnecessarily. Investing in local communities will reduce the costs associated with incarcerating youth in correctional facilities, reduce rates of recidivism, reduce the number of crime victims, and ultimately create safer communities in Illinois.

This grant provides funding for research projects that investigate how environmental factors, such as toxins and pathogens, impact the mechanisms and outcomes of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia through interactions at biological interfaces in the human body.

This funding opportunity provides financial support for early-stage researchers in the U.S. to explore innovative studies on HIV-related health issues, such as comorbidities and coinfections, with the potential to transform understanding and treatment in this field.

The purpose of this initiative is to advance research that reduces firearm injury and disparities through the development and evaluation of firearm injury primary prevention interventions leveraging community healthcare settings. This funding opportunity solicits applications that focus on primary prevention of firearm injury leveraging community healthcare settings. Applications may propose intervention studies with a rigorous design including, but not limited to, policy implementation studies, natural experiments and other studies with a quasi-experimental design, as well as those meeting the NIH definition of a clinical trial. Aims may focus on efficacy, effectiveness, or hybrid effectiveness/implementation research. Health or behavioral outcomes for this funding opportunity should be appropriate to the aims and should include, but are not limited to, changes in behavior related to firearm injury prevention and firearm safety procedures, and implementation outcomes. Change in knowledge of firearm injury prevention measures may be a secondary outcome (e.g., as a mechanism of action) but should not be the focus of the project. Multi-level, multi-disciplinary interventions and outcomes are encouraged, including individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community levels. Individual level outcomes should be one of the outcome levels included. Rigorous methods that address potential sources of bias that are appropriate to the study design are expected. Intervention studies are expected to include a theory-informed examination of the mechanisms of intervention effects. Projects that are responsive to this funding opportunity include R01 studies of all size, from small, single-site, three-year projects such as to adapt an intervention to the community or to test efficacy of an intervention, to large multi-site trials to test effectiveness and implementation strategies. Applications that meet any of the non-responsiveness criteria will be considered non-responsive and will not be reviewed. Implementation studies should include an evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention in the site or sites. Years requested and project budgets should reflect the scope of the project. A description of plans for community engagement, including clear justification of the planned approach, is required. Projects that focus on populations that experience health disparities are highly encouraged.

The "CCRP Initiative: Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Therapeutics Discovery and Early-Stage Development" grant aims to fund the early-stage development of treatments to reduce the harmful health effects caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, which could be used in terrorist attacks or accidentally released from industrial sites, with the end goal of producing at least one well-characterized therapeutic candidate.

Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites applications for support of investigator-initiated studies addressing mechanisms by which bariatric surgery impacts cancer risk, and seeks to draw in talented scientists who study bariatric surgery to investigate its effects on cancer, rather than shorter-term outcomes such as weight loss and diabetes.Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites applications for support of investigator-initiated studies addressing mechanisms by which bariatric surgery impacts cancer risk, and seeks to draw in talented scientists who study bariatric surgery to investigate its effects on cancer, rather than shorter-term outcomes such as weight loss and diabetes. Background Obesity: Obesity will soon surpass smoking tobacco as the number one cause of preventable death both in the United States and worldwide. Bariatric (metabolic) surgery is the most effective strategy to achieve significant initial and sustained weight loss among individuals who are morbidly obese. Bariatric surgery provides dramatic improvement in metabolic function, associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) risk. Bariatric surgery also appears to reduce the risk of certain obesity-related cancers, although which cancers are favorably impacted vary by study, and the mechanism(s) driving this risk reduction is mostly speculative. Bariatric surgery is performed in over 250,000 people in the U.S. annually, and the frequency is rising. Studies evaluating which bariatric surgery procedure(s) are most effective in cancer risk reduction could help bring to light new pathways to target for cancer prevention. Bariatric Surgery: Importantly, it is not yet clear from clinical and preclinical studies if the benefit from bariatric surgery arises from weight loss alone or if there is also a surgery-specific benefit. One mechanism for a possible surgery-specific effect is elevated bile acids (BA), both intestinal and circulating, after gastric bypass surgery such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) that are proposed to be central to weight loss and other metabolic benefits. The interaction between BA and intestinal microbes is also an area of intense interest. Studies have identified important changes after bariatric surgery in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, which may mediate bariatric surgery effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from humans or mice that had undergone bariatric surgery to germ-free recipient mice showed decreased weight gain and decreased adiposity are both transmissible traits. In addition, FMT induced important host metabolic changes including decreased energy harvest from the diet, increased resting energy expenditure, and increased lipid utilization. The data suggest a causal link between gut microbiota and the metabolic and weight loss effects of bariatric surgery. If validated, the findings will provide insight into the mechanisms driving the benefit of bariatric surgery on cancer risk and would be useful to further scientific understanding and patient care. Animal Models: Several diets or genetically induced animal models of obesity have consistently demonstrated the benefits of weight loss on cancer risk, and these obesity-induced tumor models may be adaptable to bariatric surgery studies, such as the Kras model of pancreatic cancer. Animal models have been developed to study the effects of bariatric surgery. Rodent animal models are most often used due to feasibility (low cost, ease of housing) and have been used extensively to study the mechanism(s) of bariatric surgery responsible for the reduction or elimination of T2DM and CV risk. However, very little has been reported on bariatric surgery and cancer risk despite the fact that both rat and murine models of mammary and other cancers develop in 6 months or less, making it feasible to assess mechanistic changes that influence cancer risk. Bariatric Surgery and Cancer Risk: Obese patients undergo bariatric surgery for a variety of reasons, including weight loss and improvement in metabolic dysfunction. Physician advice regarding the potential benefit of bariatric surgery and cancer risk reduction can currently only be given in generalities based on large-scale studies and not targeted to the individual. Many but not all bariatric surgery investigations document an overall cancer risk reduction among women but not men. Some but not all bariatric surgery studies have found that both women and men undergoing bariatric surgery have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Older studies which assessed bariatric surgery and cancer risk may not be useful to guide targeted advice to patients, as one of the most common procedures performed in the past, gastric banding, is only performed in 1% of bariatric surgery procedures today. The two most common bariatric surgery procedures currently performed are sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB. As such, planned animal and/or human studies should focus on the mechanistic effects of the two procedures that are currently in common use. Human biospecimens and/or data may be available from cohorts to enhance the studies proposed including the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS), Adolescent Bariatrics: Assessing Health Benefits & Risks (Teen-LABS), and NCI Cohort Consortium Members. Applications that include collaborators from fields outside of cancer research will be given special programmatic consideration. Responsive applications may investigate animal models, human studies, or a combination of both. General Area of Research and Scope of Work for this FOA General Area of Research Examples of relevant areas of research include but are not limited to: Do alterations in cancer risk biomarkers occur before weight loss? If so, in what organ, tissue, or cell type do they originate? Is maximum weight loss or long-term weight loss more important for cancer risk reduction? If so, how do the two differ at a cellular and/or biochemical level? What mechanism(s) explain the evidence that bariatric surgery is more beneficial in cancer risk reduction in women than men? Does bariatric surgery increase or decrease the risk of CRC, and if so, what are the mechanism(s)? Which cancers are decreased in incidence by bariatric surgery, and what are the mechanism(s) that explain the effect? Are any cancers increased in incidence by bariatric surgery? If so, through what mechanism(s)? Does the specific bariatric surgery procedure have an impact on cancer risk? If so, what are the mechanism(s) driving the difference in impact? Does racial or ethnic background influence the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer risk, and if so, what are the mechanism(s) involved? How does bariatric surgery affect the penetrance of high-risk genetic predisposition to cancer? Scope of Work and Additional Guidance It is anticipated that studies will evaluate bariatric surgery animal models where a significant proportion of the animals develop cancer. Similarly, human studies involving individuals who will or have undergone bariatric surgery are also encouraged, so long as within the cohort to be studied the number of enrolled subjects who develop cancer is adequate to for a statistically powered endpoint linking cancer (and not a biomarker of cancer) to a molecular mechanism as the driver of cancer. When appropriate and feasible, the investigators may want to evaluate mechanisms influenced by bariatric surgery in animal models of cancer and evaluate potential changes that might correlate with humans due to bariatric surgery. We define mechanism as a biologic endpoint based on analyzed samples from bariatric surgery animal models or from subjects who have or are planned to undergo bariatric surgery. This FOA does not support studies where an epidemiologic endpoint is the primary aim of the project. The mechanism(s) to be studied should evaluate samples collected from animals or humans who have undergone bariatric surgery who did or did not develop cancer. If both animals and humans are studied, the mechanisms chosen should be based on a cancer endpoint. Applications Not Responsive to This FOA The following types of activities remain outside the scope of this FOA, and applications proposing them are non-responsive to this FOA and will not be reviewed. This FOA is not intended for epidemiologic studies, where the primary endpoint is the assessment of cancer in a cohort of animals or humans, which has undergone bariatric surgery and mechanistic studies evaluating bodily fluid or tissue samples are nonexistent or of secondary endpoints. Application that focuses entirely on in vitro investigations. Epidemiologic investigations as the primary focus of the application. Animal or human studies that do not evaluate tissue and/or bodily fluid samples collected from participants who have undergone bariatric surgery, some of which developed cancer after surgery. Application, which includes a clinical trial that does not have a bariatric surgeon as a key investigator on the team. NOTE: Applicants to this FOA are strongly encouraged to contact NCI staff as soon as possible in the development of the application (preferably no later than 12 weeks prior to the application due date) to discuss the details of their proposed clinical trial, so that NCI staff can help the applicant understand whether the proposed clinical trial is within the goals and mission of the NCI and is appropriate for this FOA.

This funding opportunity provides financial support for research projects that aim to improve the adoption and sustainability of effective health interventions, particularly in underrepresented communities, by addressing barriers and promoting equitable health outcomes.